Thanks everyone for your replies. It could in fact have been Erwinia. Whatever it was, the white stuff kept spreading, I took it out of the pot again and soaked in hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes. I feel like a really mean orchid murderer for messing with it so much.
This is what's left of it...I really hope that the remaining root is actually still connected to the plant. I'm going to go buy some root stimulator (hopefully I can find a root hormone, there aren't any specialised orchid stores here unfortunately).
Does anyone think it has a chance? The black stem is not very encouraging...I'll keep you all posted if it survives!